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APNs －－Apple Push Notification Service
APNs 苹果推送服务器
Device 安装带有推送服务程序的iPhone手机
Provider 程序服务器，把需要推送的信息发给 APNs
DeviceToken 在Device第一次连接APNs时，由APNs生成的经过加密的连接认证信息。在以后的连接中，无论时Provider到APNs还是APNs到Device 都需要 DeviceToken作为认证。
Payload 需要推送的消息的主体内容。alert－alert消息的消息体，按键标题等badge－显示在程序icon右上角的数字，sound－声音提示文件的文件名，该声音资源文件要在程序包中。
整体流程大体分为五个步骤：
1:
Device －－> 连接－－> APNs 获取 DeviceToken 2:
Device －－>连接－－ > Provider 提供 DeviceToken 3:
Provider侦测需要push的消息生成Notification信息
4:
Provider侦把要push的消息推送到APNs
5:
APNs把该消息推送到手机
介绍完APNS的概况，下面再了解一下具体的实现方法: 1. 将app注册notification里面, 并从APNS上获取测试机的deviceToken.
- - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
- [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];
- // other codes here.
- return YES;
- }
-
- - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
- NSLog(@”deviceToken: %@”, deviceToken);
- }
-
- - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
- NSLog(@”Error in registration. Error: %@”, error);
- }
-
- - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
- {
- NSLog(@” 收到推送消息 ： %@”,[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]);
- if ([[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]!=NULL) {
- UIAlertView* alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@”推送通知”
- message:[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]
- delegate:self
- cancelButtonTitle:@” 关闭”
- otherButtonTitles:@” 更新状态”,nil];
- [alert show];
- [alert release];
- }
- }
启动程序，将app注册到通知项后，在console里面找到打印的deviceToken：
- deviceToken: <6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b>
2. 生成app在服务端需要的许可证
1）进入Provisioning Portal, 下载Certificates在development下的证书。
2） 找到需要测试的app id,然后enable它在development下的Apple Push Notification service: Development Push SSL Certificate。需要输入1）中的签名证书才可以生成一个aps_developer_identity.cer.
3) 双击aps_developer_identity.cer，会打开系统的key chain. 在My certificates下找到Apple Development Push Services。需要为certificate和它之下的private key各自export出一个.p12文件。(会出现设置密码过程)
4）需要将上面的2个.p12文件转成.pem格式：
- openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem -in cert.p12
- openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out key.pem -in key.p12
- openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.unencrypted.pem
6）然后就可以 合并两个.pem文件, 这个ck.pem就是服务端需要的证书了。
- cat cert.pem key.unencrypted.pem > ck.pem
3. 服务端push通知到ANPS. 在cocoachina找到了两种方法:
1）php驱动。需要将ck.pem和php脚本放到server 上。全部的php代码是：
- <?php
- $deviceToken = ’6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b’;
- $pass = ’123456′; // Passphrase for the private key (ck.pem file)
-
- // Get the parameters from http get or from command line
- $message = $_GET['message'] or $message = $argv[1] or $message = ‘A test message from worldcup’;
- $badge = (int)$_GET['badge'] or $badge = (int)$argv[2];
- $sound = $_GET['sound'] or $sound = $argv[3];
-
- // Construct the notification payload
- $body = array();
- $body['aps'] = array(‘alert’ => $message);
- if ($badge)
- $body['aps']['badge'] = $badge;
- if ($sound)
- $body['aps']['sound'] = $sound;
-
- /* End of Configurable Items */
- $ctx = stream_context_create();
- stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘local_cert’, ‘ck.pem’);
- // assume the private key passphase was removed.
- stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘passphrase’, $pass);
-
- // connect to apns
- $fp = stream_socket_client(‘ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195′, $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
- if (!$fp) {
- print “Failed to connect $err $errstr\n”;
- return;
- }
- else {
- print “Connection OK\n<br/>”;
- }
-
- // send message
- $payload = json_encode($body);
- $msg = chr(0) . pack(“n”,32) . pack(‘H*’, str_replace(‘ ‘, ”, $deviceToken)) . pack(“n”,strlen($payload)) . $payload;
- print “Sending message :” . $payload . “\n”;
- fwrite($fp, $msg);
- fclose($fp);
- ?>
请 求一次 http://127.0.0.1/apns /apns.php?message=A%20test%20message%20from%20localhost&badge=2& sound=received5.caf就 会向APNS进行一次推送。我的请求结果如下：
- Connection OK
2. Sending message :{“aps”:{“alert”:”A test message from localhost”,”badge”:2,”sound”:”received5.caf”}}
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